ing form or infinitive

I / GRAMMAR
1/ §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ ®øng sau ®éng tõ to be
Eg : His ambition is to become a director.
( Tham väng cña «ng Êy lµ trë thµnh gi¸m ®èc)
2/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ-
 

-  agree                           ®ång ý  - arrange                        s¾p xÕp - attempt                         cè g¾ng - fail                               thÊt b¹i - neglect                         l¬ lµ - threaten                        ®e däa - plan                              lËp kÕ ho¹ch - manage                         xoay së - refuse                           tõ chèi - remember                    nhí ph¶i lµm g×

-  regret                    tiÕc ph¶i  lµm g× - try                          cè g¾ng - decide                    quyÕt ®Þnh - offer                       ®Ò nghÞ - want - seem                      cã vÎ,   d­êng nh­ - promise                  høa - expect                     mong chê - hope                       hy väng - need                        cÇn

 Eg : - She agreed to marry that old man.
       - I'll arrange to meet her.                                                              
       - They decided to move to  Ha Noi.
       - Tom failed to catch the train.
  - I hope to see you again.
  -They offer to do the shopping for us.
      - I managed to get out of the car.
- She promised to wait for him.
- The kidnappers threatened to kill the child if his parents informed the police. ( Bän b¾t cãc däa giÕt ®øa bÐ nÕu bè mÑ cËu b¸o c¶nh s¸t)
3/ Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ t©n ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ
- advise          sb to do sth     khuyªn                    
- encourage                           khuyÕn khÝch
- allow                                   cho phÐp
- permit                                  cho phÐp
- remind                                 nh¾c
- warn    sb not to do sth       c¶nh b¸o ai ®õng lµm g×
- tell    sb to do / not to do sth  b¶o ai lµm g× /  kh«ng lµm g×
- order                                    ra lÖnh
- persuade                              thuyÕt phôc
- invite                                    mêi
- want
- force                                    b¾t buéc
- ask                                       yªu cÇu
- help
Eg : - The doctor advised  me to do  morning exercise.
         - I remind Minh to bring the umbrella.
         - They allow their children to watch TV in the evening.
         - My family encouraged me to apply for the job.
4/  Nh÷ng ®éng tõ theo sau lµ t©n ng÷ vµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ kh«ng "to"
 - make sb do sth ( B¾t ai lµm g× )
- let sb do sth
- hear sb do sth
- watch sb do sth
- see sb do sth
- have sb do sth   = get sb to do sth (nhê ai lµm g×)
Eg : - Our father made us work hard.
      - Don't let him go out too much.
     - I had my neighbour repair my bike.  = I got my neighbour to repair  my bike.
     - Someone saw him steal the car.
5. Nh÷ng côm tõ theo sau lµ ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ
- to be about to do sth ( s¾p söa lµm g×)
- to be able to do sth    ( cã kh¶ n¨ng lµm g×)
- do / try one's best to do sth ( cè g¾ng hÕt søc lµm g×)
Eg :   - I was about to leave when it started to rain.
       - Try your best !
       - She hasn't been able to find a job yet.
( C« ta vÉn ch­a thÓ t×m ®­îc c«ng viÖc)
6.  §éng tõ nguyªn thÓ dïng sau but , except (trõ, ngo¹i trõ)
Eg : - We can do nothing but wait.
- She does nothing but complain. ( C« ta ch¼ng lµm g× ngoµi viÖc kªu ca.)
7.  S + V + noun + to do sth
Eg : -  He didn't have a chance to explain.
- We have a lot of work to do.
 

2/Verb -ing dïng lµm t©n ng÷

B¶ng d­íi ®©y lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ ®ßi hái t©n ng÷ theo sau nã ph¶i lµ mét Verb - ing
 

admit	appreciate	avoid	can't help	consider
delay	deny	enjoy	finish	mind
miss	postpone	practice	quit	recall
repeat	resent	resist	resume	risk
suggest

Ex: John admitted stealing the jewels.

 

• L­u ý r»ng trong b¶ng nµy cã mÉu ®éng tõ can't help doing/ but do sth: kh«ng thÓ ®õng ®­îc ph¶i lµm g×

Ex: With such good oranges, we can't help buying (but buy) two kilos at a time.

 

• NÕu muèn thµnh lËp thÓ phñ ®Þnh cho c¸c ®éng tõ trªn ®©y dïng lµm t©n ng÷ ph¶i ®Æt not tr­íc nguyªn thÓ hoÆc V - ing.
• B¶ng d­íi ®©y lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ mµ t©n ng÷ sau nã cã thÓ lµ mét ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ hoÆc mét V- ing mµ ng÷ nghÜa kh«ng thay ®æi.

begin	can't stand	continue	dread
hate	like	love	prefer
start	try

 

• L­u ý r»ng trong b¶ng nµy cã mét ®éng tõ can't stand to do/doing sth: kh«ng thÓ chÞu ®ùng ®­îc khi ph¶i lµm g×.

Ex: He can't stand to wait/ waiting such a long time.
 

3. Mét sè ®éng tõ ®Æc biÖt

• §ã lµ nh÷ng ®éng tõ mµ ng÷ nghÜa cña chóng sÏ ®æi kh¸c hoµn toµn khi t©n ng÷ sau nã lµ mét ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ hoÆc V - ing : try, stop, remember, forget, regret, allow, go on.

1) TRY ( thö, cè g¾ng )
1.1 . TRY + GERUND ( try doing sth) : thö lµm ®iÒu g× ( cã tÝnh chÊt thö nghiÖm )
 Eg: She tries making a cake. ( C« Êy thö lµm mét c¸i b¸nh )
1.2. TRY + INFINITIVE ( try to do sth ) :  Cè g¾ng lµm ®iÒu g× ( ®Ó ®¹t kÕt qu¶ )
        Eg: He tries to speak English.
               You should try to work hard.
2) STOP ( Ngõng )
2.1. Stop to do sth:  Ng­ng, dõng lµm mét viÖc g× ®Ó lµm mét viÖc kh¸c
              The worker stops to smoke a cigarrete.
2.2. Stop doing sth: dõng viÖc g× ®ang lµm
       His brother stopped smoking. ( Anh cña anh Êy ®· bá thuèc )
      They stopped playing football when it rained.( Hä ngõng ch¬i bãng khi trêi m­a)
3) REMEMBER ( Nhí )
3.1. Remember to do sth: Nhí sÏ/ ph¶i lµm g×  ( Nh­ mét bæn phËn hay nhiÖm vô )
Eg:: I remember to send a letter at the  post office tomorow morning.
I didn't to lock the door. ( T«i kh«ng nhí lµ ph¶i kho¸ cöa )
3.2. Remember doing sth: Nhí lµ ®· lµm g×/ Nhí ®iÒu g× ®· lµm ( B©y giê nhí l¹i )
Eg:: I remember locking the door before leaving, but now I can't find the key.
I remember his telling me about it. ( T«i nhí lµ h¾n ®· kÓ cho t«i vÒ chuyÖn ®ã )
 

• §Æc biÖt nã th­êng ®­îc dïng víi mÉu c©u: S + still remember + V-ing : VÉn cßn nhí lµ ®·...

Ex: I still remember buying the first motorbike
4) FORGET ( Quªn )
4.1 Forget to do sth: quªn lµm ®iÒu g×
Eg: I forgot to pick up my child after school
She forgot to write to me ( C« ta quªn viÕt th­ cho t«i = C« ta ch­a viÕt )
= She didn't remember to write to me.
He forgot to do his homework ( Nã quªn kh«ng lµm bµi tËp = Nã ch­a lµm )
4.2. Forget doing sth: Quªn (r»ng) ®· lµm viÖc g× råi )
  He forgets sending me a gift. ( Anh Êy quªn ®· göi cho t«i mãn quµ = Anh Êy ®· göi nh­ng quªn viÖc Êy )
 

• §Æc biÖt nã th­êng ®­îc dïng víi mÉu c©u S + will never forget + V-ing: sÏ kh«ng bao giê quªn ®­îc lµ ®·  ...

Eg: She will never forget  meeting the Queen.( C« Êy sÏ kh«ng bao giê quªn chuyÖn ®· gÆp N÷ hoµng )
5) REGRET ( Hèi tiÕc )
5.1. Regret to do sth: LÊy lµm tiÕc khi ph¶i lµm g× (§­îc dïng ®Ó th«ng b¸o tin xÊu/ nãi víi ai ®iÒu kh«ng may)
Eg:  I regret to tell/ inform/  you that ........
                          say                     that.........
 We regret to inform the passengers that the flight for Washington DC was canceled because of the bad weather.
We regret to inform you that your application isn't suitable.
                                             we can't accept your proposal. ( ®Ò nghÞ )
5.2. Regret doing sth/ Not doing sth: Hèi tiÕc ( v× ®· ) lµm/ Kh«ng lµm ®iÒu g× )
Eg: He regrets leaving school early. It's a big mistake.
       I regret not following my father's advice.
        She regretted not working hard before. ( C« Êy thÊy tiÕc lµ tr­íc ®©y kh«ng häc hµnh ch¨m chØ).
6) ALLOW ( Cho phÐp )
6.1.Allow sb to do sth: ( Cho phÐp ai lµm g× )
          They allow their children to watch TVin the evening.
6.2. Allow doing sth: Cho phÐp lµm g×.
          They don't allow smoking here. ( Hä kh«ng cho phÐp hót thuèc ë ®©y)
7) GO ON ( TiÕp tôc )
7.1.Go on to do sth:
          After his course, he goes on to work in a bank.( Sau khãa häc, anh Êy lµm viÖc ë mét ng©n hµng )
7.2.Go on doing sth: TiÕp tôc lµm ®iÒu g×
        The workers go on working despite the bad weather.
 

1. C¸c giíi tõ ®øng sau ®éng tõ

• TÊt c¶ c¸c giíi tõ ®øng sau ®éng tõ ®Òu ph¶i ë d¹ng V-ing
• Mét sè c¸c ®éng tõ th­êng ®i kÌm víi giíi tõ to. Kh«ng ®­îc nhÇm lÉn giíi tõ nµy víi to cña ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ.

Verb + prepositions + V-ing
approve of	be better of	count on	depend on
give up	insist on	keep on	put off
rely on	succeed in	think about	think of
worry about	object to	look forward to	confess to

Eg: Fred confessed to stealing the jewels

 

Adjective + prepositions  + V-ing
accustomed to	afraid of	capable of	fond of
intent on	interested in	successful in	tired of

Eg: Mitch is afraid of getting married now.


 

Noun + prepositions + V-ing
choice of	excuse for	intention of	method for
possibility of		reason for	(method of)

Eg: There is no reason for leaving this early.
 
 

• Kh«ng ph¶i bÊt cø tÝnh tõ nµo còng ®Òu ®ßi hái sau nã lµ mét giíi tõ + V-ing. Nh÷ng tÝnh tõ ë b¶ng sau l¹i ®ßi hái sau nã lµ mét ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ.

 

anxious	boring	dangerous	hard
eager	easy	good	strange
pleased	prepared	ready	able
usual	common	difficult

Eg: It is dangerous to drive in this weather.

 

• able/ unable to do sth = capable/ incapable  of doing sth.

5.C¸c ®¹i tõ ®øng tr­íc ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ hoÆc V-ing dïng lµm t©n ng÷.

• §øng tr­íc mét ®éng tõ nguyªn thÓ lµm t©n ng÷ th× d¹ng cña ®¹i tõ vµ danh tõ sÏ lµ t©n ng÷.

allow	ask	beg	convince	expect	instruct
invite	order	permit	persuade	prepare	promise
remind	urge	want

Eg: Joe asked Mary to call him when she woke up.
Eg: We ordered him to appear in court.

 

• Tuy nhiªn ®øng tr­íc mét V- ing lµm t©n ng÷ th× d¹ng cña ®¹i tõ vµ danh tõ sÏ lµ së h÷u.

Eg: We understand your not being able to stay longer.
Eg: We object to their calling at this hour
II/ EXERCISES
1/ Put the verbs between brackets in their correct Infinitive or Gerund form :
1.The children are busy ( collect ) shells on the beach .
2.She had to ask the boys ( stop) ( make ) noise .
3.Our teacher has promised ( help ) us ( prepare ) for the exam .
4.I’d love ( have ) an opportunity of (meet ) you again .
5.There is no ( deny )that he enjoys ( listen ) to his own voice .
6.Is ( boil ) or ( fry ) the best way of ( cook ) this fish .
7.It’s no use your ( ask )him ( lend ) you any money .
8.She stopped ( talk ) as if waiting for him ( speak ).
9.He advised me ( consider ) all the facts before ( decide ) ( accept ) the job .
10.My uncle used to ( show ) me where ( go ) and what ( buy ).
11.There is nothing like ( walk ) as a means of ( keep )
12.I couldn’t resist ( ask ) him why he was trying ( avoid )(meet ) me .
13/ The department store agreed (take) back the damaged radio.
14/ Would the doctor mind (spend) some time talking to me after the examination ?
15/ Dan failed (pass) the examination and was quite upset.
16/ She expects (deliver) her baby at the new hospital.
17/ We dislike (eat) dinner at 9.00.
18/ My niece hopes (travel) with me to Disneyland next April.
19/ I finally finished (cook) at 7.00 and served dinner.
20/ Would you mind (not turn) on the radio until I finish with this phone call ?
21/  Marge's children are used to ( pick up) after school every day. They don't have to walk home.
22/ - Do you remember (post) the letter ?
- Yes, I do. I posted it in the letter box near my gate.
23/ Did you remember (lock) the door ?
- No, I didn't. I'd better (go) back and do it now.
24/ I distinctly remember (pay) him. I gave him 2 dollards.
25/ Mr Whithe was accused of (leak) information to the press.
26/ He wastes time (philander) with the girls in the village.
27/ Suddenly (feel) hungry, he (stop) (buy) a bar of chocolate.
28/ He tried (make) me (believe) that he was my stepbrother.
29/ He was about (leave) when she came.
30/ Mrs John : I don't allow (smoke) in my room.
Mrs Smiths  : I don't allow my family (smoke) at all.
II- Use these jumbled sets of suggested words to write a letter :
     Dear Mom and Dad,
1-  I / arrive / Hanoi / 5 o’clock yesterday morning.
     .......................................................................................................
2-  I / staying / nice hotel.
     .........................................................................................................................
3-  It / not far / city center.
     ........................................................................................................................
4- I / already see / Uncle Ho’s Mausoleum / some places of interest here.
     ...........................................................................................................................
5- Tomorrow / going on the trip / Ha Long Bay.
     ................................................................................................................................
6- I / never been there before.
     ..................................................................................................................................
7- I / excited / trip / not sleep.
     ...................................................................................................................................
8- I / be home / Sunday, Nov 10^th.
     ..............................................................................................................................
9- I / tell you / more / trip / when / be in Hue.
     ............................................................................................................................
10-I hope / you well.
     ..............................................................................................................
     Yours,
     Lan Chi
* ANSWERS
1/
 

1.collecting 2. to stop - making 3. to help -  to prepare 4. to have - meeting 5. to deny – listening 6. boiling – fring - cooking	7. asking – to lend 8. talking – to speak 9. to consider – deciding – to accept 10. show – to go – to buy 11. to walk – keeping 12. asking – to advoid - meeting
13.to take	22. to post
14. spending	23. locking – go
15. to pass	24. paying
16. delivering	25. leaking
17. eating	26. philandering
18. to travel	27. feeling -  stops – to buy
19. cooking	28. to make – believe
20. not turning	29. to leave
21.pick up	30. smoking – to smoke

2/
1 - I arrived in Hanoi at  5 o'clock yesterday morning.
2- I am staying in a nice hotel.
3- It is not far from the city center.
4- I have already seen Uncle Ho’s Mausoleum and some places of interest here.
5- Tomorrow I am going on the trip to Ha Long Bay.
6-  I have never been there before.
7- I am excited about the trip that I can't sleep.
8- I will be home on Sunday, Nov 10^th.
9- I will tell you more about my trip when I am in Hue.
10- I hope that you well.
III/ HOMEWORK:
 

• Learn by heart the grammar.
• Prepare '' Wish- clause'' on the next period.