Passive VOICE

- Tr¹ng tõ thêi gian ®øng sau “by”
               Ex : She does the housework every morning.
                      The housework is done by her every morning
-Tr¹ng tõ thÓ c¸ch ®øng gi÷a “to be” vµ PII
              E x :  She cooked the meals carefully.
                       The meals were carefully cooked by her.
-Tr¹ng t­ n¬i chèn ®øng tr­íc “by”.
             Ex : She will put the flower vase in the living room.
                    The flower vase will be put in the living room by her.
-§èi víi chñ ng÷ lµ : “nobody, nothing, no one “ cã thÓ ¸p dông 2 c¸ch chuyÓn.
              Ex : Nobody saw him last night.
                     He was not seen last night.
                     He was seen by nobody last night.
-C¸c chñ ng÷ m¬ hå : somebody, something, people, they, someone, khi chuyÓn sang c©u bÞ ®éng cã thÓ l­îc bá “by + O “
               Ex : Somebody has stolen my purse.
                      My purse has been stolen.
- §éng tõ nªu lªn ý kiÕn : say, think, believe, report, know………..cã thÓ ®æi theo 2 c¸ch:
              Ex : People said that he had gone abroad.
                      It was said that he has gone abroad.
                      He was said to have gone abroard.
 

• C¸c néi ®éng tõ (§éng tõ kh«ng yªu cÇu 1 t©n ng÷ nµo) kh«ng ®­îc dïng ë bÞ ®éng.

Ex: My leg hurts.

 

• §Æc biÖt khi chñ ng÷ chÞu tr¸ch nhiÖm chÝnh cña hµnh ®éng còng kh«ng ®­îc chuyÓn thµnh c©u bÞ ®éng.

Ex: The America takes charge: N­íc Mü nhËn l·nh tr¸ch nhiÖm

 

• NÕu lµ ng­êi hoÆc vËt trùc tiÕp g©y ra hµnh ®éng th× dïng by nh­ng nÕu lµ vËt gi¸n tiÕp g©y ra hµnh ®éng th× dïng with.

Ex: The bird was shot with the gun - The bird was shot by the hunter.

 

• Trong mét sè tr­êng hîp to be/to get + P₂ hoµn toµn kh«ng mang nghÜa bÞ ®éng mµ mang 2 nghÜa:

5. ChØ tr¹ng th¸i mµ chñ ng÷ ®ang ë trong ®ã

Ex: Could you please check my mailbox while I am gone.
Ex: He got lost in the maze of the town yesterday.

 

5. ChØ viÖc chñ ng÷ tù lµm lÊy

Ex:   The little boy gets dressed very quickly.
Ex:   Could I give you a hand with these tires.
No thanks, I will be done when I finish tightening these bolts.
Mäi sù biÕn ®æi vÒ thêi vµ thÓ ®Òu nh»m vµo ®éng tõ to be, cßn ph©n tõ 2 gi÷ nguyªn.
 

• to be made of: §­îc lµm b»ng (§Ò cËp ®Õn chÊt liÖu lµm nªn vËt)

Ex: This table is made of wood
 

• to be made from: §­îc lµm ra tõ (®Ò cËp ®Õn viÖc nguyªn vËt liÖu bÞ biÕn ®æi hoµn toµn vÒ tr¹ng th¸i ban ®Çu ®Ó lµm nªn vËt)

Ex: Paper is made from wood
 

• to be made out of: §­îc lµm b»ng (®Ò cËp ®Õn qu¸ tr×nh lµm ra vËt)

Ex: This cake was made out of flour, butter, sugar, eggs and milk
 

• to be made with: §­îc lµm víi (®Ò cËp ®Õn chØ mét trong sè nhiÒu chÊt liÖu lµm nªn vËt)

Ex: This soup tastes good because it was made a lot of spices.

B/ The present perfect tense
1/ Form
                                                 (+) S + have/has + PII
(-) S + have/has + not + PII
(?) Have/Has + S + PII …?
2/ The uses.
a) DiÔn t¶ mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong qu¸ khø kh«ng nªu râ thêi gian.
     Ex : I have read the introduction but I don’t understand them.
            She has painted her room.
b) Mét hµnh ®éng míi x¶y ra gÇn ®©y mµ kÕt qu¶ vÉn cßn ë hiÖn t¹i.
     Ex : Tom has had a bad car accident.
c) Mét hµnh ®éng b¾t ®Çu ë qu¸ khø nh­ng cßn tiÕp diÔn ®Õn hiÖn t¹i (th­êng dïng víi since vµ for).
-Since: thêi ®iÓm
-For: thêi l­îng
         Ex : We have lived in this house since 1972.
                 They have stayed in that hotel for two weeks.
d) Mét hµnh ®éng x¶y ra trong mét kho¶ng thêi gian ch­a chÊm døt ( th­êng dïng víi today, this morning, this month, all night, all week…….)
        Ex : He has played video games all night.
               I have got many bad marks this semester.
e) §­îc dïng víi c¸c cÊu tróc :
* This/That/ It is the first/second/third…………time……..
* This/That/ It is the only………..
* This/That/It is + superlative.
               Ex : This is the first time I have been to London.
                       This is the only party I’ve ever enjoyed in my life.
                       That is the most exciting novel I’ve ever read.
f) Th­êng dïng víi c¸c thµnh ng÷ : already, not………yet, yet, ever, never, just, so far, recently, lately………..
                 Ex : Have you seen Ann lately ?
                        My parents have just bought a new house.

II-Exercises
Ex 1/ Supply the corect form of the verbs in brackets.
 

1. She ( leave )……………..school last year. Since then she (work)……………….as a waitress at a local pub.
2. I’m sorry. I ( not finish)……………..this homework yet.
3. You (see)………………any good films recently?
4. How many cups of coffee (drink)……………….today ?
5. Our team (be)…………………..rubbish. They  (just lose)………………eight games one after the other.
6. Poems as well as plays ( write)…………….by William Shakespeare.
7. I’m not cooking today. I (cook)………………. all the meals yesterday. In fact, I (cook)……………………most of the meals this week.
8. This is the second times I ( come back)……………….to Ho Chi Minh city.
9. The dancers ( perform)………………….very well when we came in.
10. They ( have )……………………a party at their friend’s house tonight.

Ex2 / You are talking to Lan, Who has just come back from Malaysia. Ask her about the
visit. Write your questions.
You: Oh, Lan ! You have been to Malaysia, haven’t you?
Lan : That’s right.
You: So (1)………………………………………………………………………………?
Lan: I got home two days ago.
You: (2)……………………………………………………………………………………?
Lan: I stayed there for five days.
You: (3)……………………………………………………………………………………?
Lan: It was fine and sunny all the time.
You: (4)………………………………………………………………………………….?
Lan: We visited PETRONAS Twin Towers and some other interesting places in Kuala                    Lumpur.
You : ……………………………………………………………….all the time ?
Lan: Yes, of course. I spoke English to everyone I met.
Ex3/ Give the correct form of the words to complete the sentences.
1. Some of these traditional dressed have been………………….    MODERN.
2. Many Vietnamese women continue to to wear the unique and…………dresses.
FASHION
3. ……………………..jeans are the 1960s’ fashion.          EMBROIDERY
4. Jeans made in China are sometimes……………………..cheap.    SURPRISE
5.February is……………………..the shortest.    FREQUENCY
6.Lan wants to become a fashion………………..when she grows up.   DESIGN
7. Although its services are not very good, the hotel is……………..for the beach.   CONVENIENCE
8. Although the ao dai is the……………………dress of Vietnamese women, not many of them wear it at work.     TRADITION
9.We’re very impressed by the …………………..of your town’s people. friend
10. Liverpool is an………………….city in the north of England.  industry
11 . Is Buddhism the country’s…………………….religion of Thailand ?  office
12. Should English be a …………………..foreign language in Vietnam?  compel
13.This handbook give us…………………..information about ASIAN countries.   add
14. There used to be a big tree at the...............to this village. ENTER
15. People used to wear just a ......... wrapped round the body. CLOTHES
EX 4/ Change the following sentences from the active into the passive.
1.My sister gave me a new pair of Jeans on my fifteen birthday.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
2. The worker are building a supermarket on our street.
………………………………………………………………………………………………
3. The zoo keepers feed the animals twice a day.
…………………………………………………………………………………
4. They have sold their car to pay their dept.
……………………………………………………………………………………
5. We are going to grow flowers in the front garden.           
……………………………………………………………………………………
6. You musn’t use this machine after 5.30 pm.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
7. My grandmother is knitting a new sweater for me.
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
8. Did people make jeans two hundred years ago ?
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
9. We don’t use this kind of cloth to make shirts
……………………………………………………………………………………………..
10. Vietnamese women continue to wear the unique and fashtionable ao dai
…………………………………………………………………………………………….
Ex 5/ Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) for each space.
       Jeans are very popular with young people all (1)………..the world. Some people say that jeans are the “uniform” of (2)…………But they haven’t always been popular. The story of jeans started (3)………..two hundred years ago. People in Genoa, Italy, made pants. The cloth(4)…………..in Genoa was called “jeanos”. The pants were called “jeans”. In 1850, a saleman (5)…………….California began selling pants made of canvas. His name was Levi Strauss. (6)…………they were so strong, “Levi’s pants” began making his pants with blue cotton (9)……………called denim. Soon after, factory workers in the United States and Europe began (10)………….. jeans. Young people usually didn’t wear them.
       1.   A. in                       B. on               C. over                      D. above
       2.   A. youth                 B. young           C. younger              D. youngest
       3.   A. lots                    B. much             C. most                   D. almost
       4.   A. make                 B. makes            C. making              D. made
       5.   A. in                       B. on                  C. at                       D. with
       6.   A. although            B. but                  C. because             D. so
       7.   A. famous              B. popular            C. good                 D. wonderful
       8.   A. late                    B. later                 C. latest                D. last
       9.   A. cloth                  B. clothing          C. cloths                D. clothes
      10. wear                        B. wearing           C. wore                 D. worn
* ANSWERS:
EX1:
 

1. left/ has worked	6. were written
2. haven't finished	7. cooked / have cooked
3. have you seen	8. have come back
4. have drunk	9. were performing
5. is/ have just lost	10. are going to have

EX2:
1/ So when did you get / return/ come back home ?
2/ How long did you stay there ?
3/ What was the weather like ( there ) ?
4/ What/ Where did you visit ?
5/ Did you speak English all the time ?
EX3:
 

1. modernized	6. designer	11.official
2. fashionable	7. convenient	12. compulsory
3. embroidered	8.traditional	13.additional
4. surprisingly	9.friendliness	14. entrance
5. frequently	10. industrial	15. cloth

EX4:
1. I was given a new pair of jeans on my fifteen birthday by my sister.
or A new pair of jeans was given to me on my fifteen birthday by my sister.
2. A supermarket is being built on our street ( by the workers ).
3. The animals are fed twice a day ( by the zoo keepers )
4. Their car has been sold to pay their debt ( by them )
5. Flowers are going to be grown in the front garden ( by us ).
6. This machine mustn't be used after 5.30 pm ( by you ).
7.A new sweater is being knitted for me by my grandmother.
8. Were jeans made two hundred years ago.
9. This kind of cloth isn't used to make shirts ( by us ).
10. The unique and fashionable ao dai continues to be worn by Vietnamese women.
EX 5:
 

1.C	3. D	5. A	7. B	9. A
2.A	4. D	6. C	8. B	10. B

III/ HOMEWORK:
 

• Learn byheart the grammar.
• Consolidate the knowledge for revision on the next period.