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		<h1>Các dạng bài tập về hiđrocacbon</h1>
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			<li>Thứ tư - 11/11/2020 09:12</li>
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			Dạng 1: Phân loại hợp chất hữu cơ<br />Bài 1: Cho các chất sau
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			<img alt="Các dạng bài tập về hiđrocacbon" src="https://khobaitap.com/uploads/news/2020_11/image_132.png" width="460" class="img-thumbnail" />
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			<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">CO, C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>, Ca(HCO)<sub>3</sub>, CCl<sub>4</sub>, NH<sub>3, </sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O, CH<sub>3</sub>COOH, C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hãy sắp xếp các chất trên vào các cột trong bảng sau cho đúng</span></span>
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			<td style="border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:118.2pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="158"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hợp chất vô cơ</span></span></td>
			<td colspan="2" style="border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:268.8pt; border-left:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="358"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Hợp chất hữu cơ</span></span></td>
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			&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:97.8pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="130"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hiđrocacbon</span></span></td>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:171.0pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="228"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Dẫn xuất của hidrocacbon</span></span></td>
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			<td style="border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:97.8pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="130">&nbsp;</td>
			<td style="border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:171.0pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="228">&nbsp;</td>
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<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>Dạng 2</b>: <b><i>Dạng toán đốt cháy- Xác định CTPT của hidrocacbon</i></b></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><u>Bài 2</u></b>: Đốt cháy 2,24 lit hidrocacbon X (đktc) và cho sản phẩm cháy lần lượt đi qua bình 1 đựng P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> và bình 2 đựng KOH rắn. Sau khi kết thúc thí nghiệm thấy khối lượng bình 1 tăng 9 gam và bình 2 tăng 17,6 gam.</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a, Tìm CTPT của X</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b, Viết CTCT</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn giải</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a, Khối lượng bình 1 tăng do nước bị hấp thụ bởi P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> + 3H<sub>2</sub>O <span lang="PL" style="font-family:Symbol">®</span> 2H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub></span></span><br  />
<img alt="" height="144" src="https://khobaitap.com/uploads/news/2020_11/image_132.png" width="399" /><br  />
<img alt="" height="146" src="https://khobaitap.com/uploads/news/2020_11/image_133.png" width="489" /><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><u>Bài 3</u></b>: Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m(g) hợp chất X gồm 2 hidrocacbon phải dung hết 6,16 lit O­<sub>2</sub> (đktc) và thu được 6,6 gam CO<sub>2</sub>.</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Tính m?</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn giải</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ta có m = mC + mH</span></span><br  />
<img alt="" height="155" src="https://khobaitap.com/uploads/news/2020_11/image_134.png" width="408" /><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><u>Bài 4</u>: Để đốt cháy một thể tích hidrocacbon Y(đktc, số nguyên tử C nhỏ hơn 5) cần dùng 6,5 thể tích O<sub>2</sub> (đktc).</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Tìm CTPT của Y</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn giải</span></span><br  />
<img alt="" height="183" src="https://khobaitap.com/uploads/news/2020_11/image_135.png" width="279" /><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></span>

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			<td style="border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:30.95pt; border-top:none; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="41"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">kl</span></span></td>
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			<td style="border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt; width:45.0pt; border-top:none; border-left:none; border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt" valign="top" width="60"><span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Loại</span></span></td>
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<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Vậy CTPT của Y là C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><u>Bài 5</u></b>: Để đốt cháy hoàn toàn 6 gam h/c A chứa các nguyên tố C,H,O ta thu được 4,48 lit CO<sub>2</sub> (đktc) và 3,6 gam H<sub>2</sub>O. Biết 1 lit hơi chất A (đktc) nặng 2,679 gam. Tìm CTPT của A?</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn giải</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">mC = 2,4 gam;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; mH = 0,4 gam</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">mO = 6-( 2,4 + 0,4) = 3,2 gam</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Gọi CTPT của A là C<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub></span></span><br  />
<img alt="" height="149" src="https://khobaitap.com/uploads/news/2020_11/image_136.png" width="553" /><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><u>Bài 6</u></b>: Để đốt cháy hoàn toàn 4,6 gam chất B chứa các nguyên tố C,H,O cần dùng 6,72 lit O<sub>2</sub> thu được CO<sub>2</sub> và H<sub>2</sub>O theo tỉ lệ thể tích VCO<sub>2</sub> : VH<sub>2</sub>O = 2:3</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Tìm CTPT, viết CTCT của B biết 1 gam B (đktc) chiếm thể tích 0,487 lit</span></span><br  />
<br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn giải:</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">MB = 46 gam;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; nB = 0,1 mol</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">mO<sub>2</sub> = 0,3 . 32 = 9,6 gam</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">áp dụng ĐLBTKL ta có:</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; mCO<sub>2</sub> + mH<sub>2</sub>O = mB + mO<sub>2</sub> = 4,6 + 9,6 = 14,2 g</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Gọi x, y lần lượt là số mol CO<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">44 x + 18 y = 14,2</span></span><br  />
<img alt="" height="42" src="https://khobaitap.com/uploads/news/2020_11/image_137.png" width="155" /><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Giải hệ trên ta được x = 0,2</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;y = 0,3</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">nC = nCO<sub>2</sub> = 0,2 mol,&nbsp;&nbsp; mC = 0,2 .12 = 2,4 g</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">nH = 2.nH<sub>2</sub>O = 0,6 mol,&nbsp;&nbsp; mH = 0,6 g</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">mO = 4,6- (2,4 + 0,6) = 1,6 g ,&nbsp;&nbsp; nO = 0,1 mol</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Gọi CT của B là C<sub>x</sub>H<sub>y</sub>O<sub>z</sub></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; x: y: z = 0,2 : 0,6 : 0,1 = 2: 6 : 1</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Vậy CTĐGN của B là C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CT cần lập là:&nbsp;&nbsp; ( C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O)<sub>n</sub> = 46</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 46 .n = 46</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; n = 1</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Vậy CT cần lập là C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>O</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b>Dạng 3</b>: <b><i>Dạng bài tính lượng hidrocacbon tham gia phản ứng</i></b></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><i>Chú ý: Khi đề bài cho hỗn hợp hidrocacbon (khí) qua dd brom nếu</i></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><i>- Vhh giảm thì</i></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><i>Vhh giảm = Vhidrocacbon có liên kết bội</i></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><i>- Khối lượng dd brom tăng</i></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><i>mdd brom tăng = m hidrocacbon có liên kết bội</i></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif"><b><u>Bài 7</u></b>: Có V(l) hỗn hợp khí gồm etilen và axetilen được chia làm 2 phần bằng nhau</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Phần 1: Cho vào dd brom dư thấy khối lượng dd brom tăng thêm 0,8 gam</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">- Đốt cháy phần 2 thu được 1,344 lit CO<sub>2</sub> (đktc)</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a, Viết các PTHH xẩy ra</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b, Tính %V mỗi khí trong hỗn hợp</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">Hướng dẫn giải</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">a,&nbsp;&nbsp; C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>&nbsp; +&nbsp; Br<sub>2</sub> <span lang="PL" style="font-family:Symbol">®</span> C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Br<sub>2</sub></span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2&nbsp; </sub>+ 2Br<sub>2</sub>&nbsp; <span lang="PL" style="font-family:Symbol">®</span> C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>Br<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;28x + 26 y = 0,8</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> + 3O<sub>2</sub> <span lang="PL" style="font-family:Symbol">®</span> 2CO<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub> + 5O<sub>2</sub> <span lang="PL" style="font-family:Symbol">®</span> 4CO<sub>2</sub> + 2H<sub>2</sub>O&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 2x + 2y = 0,6</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">b, Giải ra x = 0,01,&nbsp;&nbsp; y = 0,02</span></span><br  />
<span style="font-size:14pt"><span style="font-family:&#039;Times New Roman&#039;,serif">% C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> = 33,3 %,&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; %C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2 </sub>= 66,7 %</span></span><br  />
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