CONJUNTIONS
- Thứ năm - 29/10/2020 04:30
- In ra
- Đóng cửa sổ này
A/ Objectives : - To help Ss to revise the conjuntions and do exercises.
B/ Procedures:
I/ GRAMMAR:
B/ Procedures:
I/ GRAMMAR:
§»ng sau Because ph¶i dïng 1 c©u hoµn chØnh nhng ®»ng sau Because of ph¶i dïng 1 ng÷ danh tõ.
Because/ As / Since + Clause ( Bëi v× )
Eg: Because/ As / Since she was tired she went to bed early= She went to bed early for she was tired.
Notes: Because of + V-ing
Eg: We had to stay at home because it was raining.
= Because of the rain , we had to stay at home.
Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early Because of = on account of = due to
*2/ In order to / So as to + V... ( §Ó....)
* In order / So as to do sth ( §Ó lµm g× )
Eg: I wrote a letter to my mother so as to/ in order to inform her of my new job.
* In order not / So as not to do sth ( §Ó k lµm g× )
I walked in quietly in ordrer / so as not to wake up the children up.
* In order for sb to do sth ( §Ó cho ai lµm g× )
Eg: I speak slowly in order for them to understand
Eg: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home all day.
* So + much/ little + N + that + clause
many/ few + Ns
Eg: I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Eg: He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.
Ex: It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
Ex: This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Notes:
so + adj/ adv + that + clause = such + ( a / an ) + adj + N + that + clause.
Eg: Nam is so kind that everybody likes him.
= Nam is such a kind person/ man that everybody likes him.
It was such cold weather that we could not go out.
= The weather was so bad that we could not go out.
4. Mét sè c¸c tõ nèi mang tÝnh ®iÒu kiÖn kh¸c.
Why these pupils can not solve this problems makes the teachers confused.
And furthermore And therefore But nevertheless But ... anyway
Nhng nÕu nèi gi÷a hai tõ ®¬n th× kh«ng
Eg: The missing piece is small but significant.
*3/ furthermore, besides, morever, what's more ( Ngoµi ra )
Eg: The coat is soft. Furthermore, it is warm ( C¸i ¸o kho¸c th× mÒm.Ngoµi ra nã cßn
Besides, Êm )
Morever,
What's more,
4/ But ( nhng ) , however, nevertheless( tuy nhiªn )
Eg:- He is rich but mean ( Anh ta giµu cã nhng keo kiÖt )
- He is from Brazil but he can't play football.
- They hadn't trained hard; But, however, nevertheless they won.
- He had no qualification, but he got the job.
5/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngîc l¹i )
Eg:Mr Pike is very generous while/ whereas his wife is very mean.
6/ So, therefore, consequently ( Do ®ã, cho nªn, v× thÕ )
Eg: - It started to rain, so we went home.
Eg: - I play football and tennis.
- I want you to buy that house and move there.
8/ Unless + positive = if ... not: Trõ phi, nÕu kh«ng.( thêng dïng trong c©u ®k lo¹i I )
Eg: You will be late unless you start at once.= If you don't start at once, you'll be late
CËu sÏ bÞ muén trõ khi cËu b¾t ®Çu ngay =(NÕu cËu kh«ng b¾t ®Çu ngay, cËu sÏ bÞ muén
9/ But for = If it weren't + for sth/ sb: NÕu kh«ng v× (®iÒu g× ) – thêng
If it hadn't been dïng víi c©u ®k lo¹i 2,3
*1.It is very cold. But for the weather, we would go on holiday.
= If it wasn't for the cold weather, we would.... ( Trêi rÊt l¹nh, nÕu k v× thêi tiÕt, chóng t«i sÏ ®i nghØ.)
*2/ It was very cold yesterday. But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher.= If hadn't been for the cold weather, we would have visited our teacher.
10/ Bá If
* Trong c©u ®k lo¹i 3
- If I had known he was ill, I' d have visited him.= Had I known he was.............
- If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn' have got a bad cold.
= Had he not gone to.............
* Trong c©u ®k lo¹i 2 víi were
- If she was younger.........= Were she younger........
It is raining now, otherwise would go out
Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da Lat (H«m qua t«i èm , nÕu k th× t«i ®· ®i §µ L¹t råi)
*Lu ý: Trong tiÕng Anh th«ng tôc (colloquial English) ngêi ta dïng Or (else )- (NÕu kh«ng) ®Ó thay thÕ cho otherwise.
Eg: Put the jacket on or ( else ) / otherwise you'll catch a cold.( MÆc ¸o vµo nÕu kh«ng con sÏ bÞ l¹nh ®Êy )
= If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold.
On condition that
Eg: You can camp here providing that you leave no mess.
If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.( NÕu b¹n høa tr¶ sím, tí sÏ cho b¹n mîn xe.)
On condition that
( MiÔn lµ b¹n høa........... tí sÏ.....................)
Eg: In case of fire, ring this number= If there is a fire, ring this number.
( Trong trêng hîp cã ch¸y, h·y gäi sè nµy)
b. In case : Phßng khi ( §éng tõ sau in case dïng th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n )
Eg: I'll buy some more cakes in case there are lots of guests.
Lu ý:
* Suppose cßn cã thÓ ®îc dïng ®Ó ®a ra lêi gîi ý.
Eg: Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him.
* Lu ý thµnh ng÷: What if I am: Tao thÕ th× ®· sao nµo (mang tÝnh th¸ch thøc)
Eg : If only he will learn harder for the test next month.
We don't have a map.If only we had one (Chóng t«i k cã b¶n ®å.Gi¸ mµ chóng t«i cã 1 c¸i )
Eg: If only she had studied harder for that test
I didn't know Lan was here yesterday. If only I had known that
: If only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drived more slowly.
Phone me the moment that you get the results.
I love you the instant (that) I saw you.
Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke.
II/ EXERCISES
1/ Rewrite the following sentences.
1. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. ® Unless.........
2. If you don't take care of those shoes, They won't last for long. ® Unless.........
3.She can't go camping because of her age. ® Were she .........
4. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather. ®Had it.........
5. If there 's an emergency, ring this number. ® In case .........
6. He spend too much money on his clothes. ® If I ...........
7. You should take a map with you because you might get lost in the mountains.
® In case...................
8. We won't go on holiday unless we have enough money. ® If we.................
9. You shouldn't eat too much meat ! ® If I...............................
10. It's such a pity your sister can't come as well. ® If only.......................
11. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. ® As long as...............
12. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather
® But for.........................
13. What a shame you didn't tell me earlier. ® If only........................
14. What would you do if there was an earthquake. ® Supposing...........................
15. Pay me back the money, or else I'll tell your mother. ® If.........................
16. We should leave now, otherwise we'll be late for the class. ® If we...........
17. He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice. ®If he............
18. The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing. ® Because of ..............
19. They set off ( khëi hµnh ) early so that they could reach the village before night.
® They set off................
20. As they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them. ® Since..........
21. Because of the rain, we couldn't go out. ® Because...............
22. We drove slowly so that he could follow us. ® We drove.............
23.She left the party quickly. She didn't want to have to say good bye.
® She left the party quickly so as..................
24. We left quietly so that we wouldn't disturb the children. ® So as...........
25.As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight ®Fearing...........
* ANSWERS:
1. Unless if you promise to try harder , I won't help you.
2. Unless you take care of those shoes, They won't last for long.
3. Were she younger, she could go camping.
4. Had it not been for the weather ,It would have been a superb weekend.
5. In case of emergency, ring this number.
6. If I were him , I wouldn't spend too much money on his clothes.
7. In case you might get lost in the mountains you should take a map with you.
8. If we don't have enough money, we won't go on holiday.
9. If I were you I wouldn't eat too much meat.
10. If only your sister could come as well.
11. As long as you keep calm, you'll pass your driving test.
12. But for the weather, It would have been a superb weekend.
13. If only hadn't told me earlier.
14. Supposing there was an earthquake.
15. If you don't pay me back money, I'll tell your mother.
16. If we don't leave now, we'll be late or the class.
17. If he had listened to our advice , he wouldn't have done that way.
18. Because the rough sea the ferry couldn't sail.
19. They set off early in order to reach the village before night.
20. Since they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them.
21. Because it was raining, we couldn't go out.
22. We drove slowly in order for him to follow.
23. She left the party quickly so as not want to have to say good bye.
24. So as to disturb the children, we left quietly.
25. Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.
III/ HOMEWORK:
Because/ As / Since + Clause ( Bëi v× )
Eg: Because/ As / Since she was tired she went to bed early= She went to bed early for she was tired.
Notes: Because of + V-ing
Eg: We had to stay at home because it was raining.
= Because of the rain , we had to stay at home.
Because I felt tired, I went to bed early. = Because of feeling tired, I went to bed early Because of = on account of = due to
- Nhng nªn dïng due to sau ®éng tõ to be cho chuÈn.
- Dïng as a result of ®Ó nhÊn m¹nh hËu qu¶ cña hµnh ®éng hoÆc sù vËt, sù viÖc.
- 1/ “so that” + clause (sao cho, ®Ó ....).
- Eg: He studied very hard so that he could pass the test.
- Ph¶i ph©n biÖt “so that” trong cÊu tróc nµy víi so that mang nghÜa do ®ã (therefore). C¸ch ph©n biÖt duy nhÊt lµ ®éng tõ ®»ng sau so that mang nghÜa do ®ã diÔn biÕn b×nh thêng so víi thêi cña ®éng tõ ë mÖnh ®Ò ®»ng tríc.
*2/ In order to / So as to + V... ( §Ó....)
* In order / So as to do sth ( §Ó lµm g× )
Eg: I wrote a letter to my mother so as to/ in order to inform her of my new job.
* In order not / So as not to do sth ( §Ó k lµm g× )
I walked in quietly in ordrer / so as not to wake up the children up.
* In order for sb to do sth ( §Ó cho ai lµm g× )
Eg: I speak slowly in order for them to understand
- Trong lo¹i tõ nèi nµy ngêi ta dïng cÊu tróc so/such .... that = (qu¸, ®Õn nçi mµ )vµ chia lµm nhiÒu lo¹i sö dông.
- Dïng víi tÝnh tõ vµ phã tõ : CÊu tróc lµ so + adj/ adv + that + clause.
Eg: The weather is so bad that I have to stay at home all day.
* So + much/ little + N + that + clause
many/ few + Ns
Eg: I had so few job offers that it wasn't difficult to select one.
Eg: He has invested so much money in the project that he can't abandon it now.
- Dïng víi tÝnh tõ + danh tõ sè Ýt: such a ... that. Cã thÓ dïng so theo cÊu tróc : so + adj + a + noun ... that. (Ýt phæ biÕn h¬n)
Ex: It was so hot a day that we decided to stay indoors.
- Dïng víi tÝnh tõ + danh tõ sè nhiÒu/kh«ng ®Õm ®îc: such ... that. TuyÖt ®èi kh«ng ®îc dïng so.
Ex: This is such difficult homework that I will never finish it.
Notes:
so + adj/ adv + that + clause = such + ( a / an ) + adj + N + that + clause.
Eg: Nam is so kind that everybody likes him.
= Nam is such a kind person/ man that everybody likes him.
It was such cold weather that we could not go out.
= The weather was so bad that we could not go out.
4. Mét sè c¸c tõ nèi mang tÝnh ®iÒu kiÖn kh¸c.
- 1/ Even if + negative verb: cho dï.
- 2/ Whether or not + positive verb: dï cã hay kh«ng.
- C¸c ®¹i tõ nghi vÊn ®øng ®Çu c©u còng dïng lµm tõ nèi vµ ®éng tõ theo sau chóng ph¶i chia ë ng«i thø 3 sè Ýt.
Why these pupils can not solve this problems makes the teachers confused.
- Mét sè c¸c tõ nèi cã quy luËt riªng cña chóng nÕu kÕt hîp víi nhau
And furthermore And therefore But nevertheless But ... anyway
- NÕu nèi gi÷a hai mÖnh ®Ò, ®»ng tríc chóng ph¶i cã dÊu phÈy
Nhng nÕu nèi gi÷a hai tõ ®¬n th× kh«ng
Eg: The missing piece is small but significant.
*3/ furthermore, besides, morever, what's more ( Ngoµi ra )
Eg: The coat is soft. Furthermore, it is warm ( C¸i ¸o kho¸c th× mÒm.Ngoµi ra nã cßn
Besides, Êm )
Morever,
What's more,
4/ But ( nhng ) , however, nevertheless( tuy nhiªn )
Eg:- He is rich but mean ( Anh ta giµu cã nhng keo kiÖt )
- He is from Brazil but he can't play football.
- They hadn't trained hard; But, however, nevertheless they won.
- He had no qualification, but he got the job.
5/ Whereas, while ( Trong khi, ngîc l¹i )
Eg:Mr Pike is very generous while/ whereas his wife is very mean.
6/ So, therefore, consequently ( Do ®ã, cho nªn, v× thÕ )
Eg: - It started to rain, so we went home.
- He came back late, therefore his father got angry.
Eg: - I play football and tennis.
- I want you to buy that house and move there.
8/ Unless + positive = if ... not: Trõ phi, nÕu kh«ng.( thêng dïng trong c©u ®k lo¹i I )
Eg: You will be late unless you start at once.= If you don't start at once, you'll be late
CËu sÏ bÞ muén trõ khi cËu b¾t ®Çu ngay =(NÕu cËu kh«ng b¾t ®Çu ngay, cËu sÏ bÞ muén
9/ But for = If it weren't + for sth/ sb: NÕu kh«ng v× (®iÒu g× ) – thêng
If it hadn't been dïng víi c©u ®k lo¹i 2,3
- HiÖn t¹i
*1.It is very cold. But for the weather, we would go on holiday.
= If it wasn't for the cold weather, we would.... ( Trêi rÊt l¹nh, nÕu k v× thêi tiÕt, chóng t«i sÏ ®i nghØ.)
- Qu¸ khø
*2/ It was very cold yesterday. But for the weather, we would have visited our teacher.= If hadn't been for the cold weather, we would have visited our teacher.
10/ Bá If
* Trong c©u ®k lo¹i 3
- If I had known he was ill, I' d have visited him.= Had I known he was.............
- If he hadn't gone to the cinema last night, he wouldn' have got a bad cold.
= Had he not gone to.............
* Trong c©u ®k lo¹i 2 víi were
- If she was younger.........= Were she younger........
- 11/ Otherwise: KÎo, nÕu kh«ng th×. ( Cã thÓ dïng víi c©u ®k lo¹i 1,2,3)
- Otherwise + unreal condition: KÎo, nÕu kh«ng th× nhng sau nã ph¶i lµ ®iÒu kiÖn kh«ng thÓ thùc hiÖn ®îc
- HiÖn t¹i
It is raining now, otherwise would go out
- Qu¸ khø:
Yesterday, I was ill; otherwise I would have gone to Da Lat (H«m qua t«i èm , nÕu k th× t«i ®· ®i §µ L¹t råi)
*Lu ý: Trong tiÕng Anh th«ng tôc (colloquial English) ngêi ta dïng Or (else )- (NÕu kh«ng) ®Ó thay thÕ cho otherwise.
Eg: Put the jacket on or ( else ) / otherwise you'll catch a cold.( MÆc ¸o vµo nÕu kh«ng con sÏ bÞ l¹nh ®Êy )
= If you don't put the jacket on, you'll catch a cold.
- 12/ Provided/Providing ( that): = If : Víi ®iÒu kiÖn lµ, miÔn lµ , nÕu......
On condition that
Eg: You can camp here providing that you leave no mess.
If you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it.( NÕu b¹n høa tr¶ sím, tí sÏ cho b¹n mîn xe.)
- Provided/Providing ( that): you promise to return my car early, I'll let you take it
On condition that
( MiÔn lµ b¹n høa........... tí sÏ.....................)
- 13/ In case
Eg: In case of fire, ring this number= If there is a fire, ring this number.
( Trong trêng hîp cã ch¸y, h·y gäi sè nµy)
b. In case : Phßng khi ( §éng tõ sau in case dïng th× hiÖn t¹i ®¬n )
Eg: I'll buy some more cakes in case there are lots of guests.
- 14/ Suppose/Supposing = What ... if : Gi¶ sö .... th× sau, NÕu ..... th× sao.
Lu ý:
* Suppose cßn cã thÓ ®îc dïng ®Ó ®a ra lêi gîi ý.
Eg: Suppose you ask him = Why don't you ask him.
* Lu ý thµnh ng÷: What if I am: Tao thÕ th× ®· sao nµo (mang tÝnh th¸ch thøc)
- 15/ IF ONLY = WISH (Thêng dïng víi c©u ®k lo¹i 2,3) ( Gi¸ mµ )
- If only + S + simple present/will + verb = hope that: hi väng r»ng
Eg : If only he will learn harder for the test next month.
We don't have a map.If only we had one (Chóng t«i k cã b¶n ®å.Gi¸ mµ chóng t«i cã 1 c¸i )
- If only + S + simple past/past perfect = wish that(C©u ®/k kh«ng thùc hiÖn ®îc)
Eg: If only she had studied harder for that test
I didn't know Lan was here yesterday. If only I had known that
- If only + S + would + V
- DiÔn ®¹t mét hµnh ®éng kh«ng thÓ x¶y ra ë hiÖn t¹i ( ®îc dïng nh 1 vÕ cña c©u ®k )
: If only he would drive more slowly = we wish he drived more slowly.
- DiÔn ®¹t mét íc muèn v« väng vÒ t¬ng lai:
- Immediately = as soon as = the moment (that) = the instant that = directly: ngay lËp tøc
Phone me the moment that you get the results.
I love you the instant (that) I saw you.
Directly I walked in the door I smelt smoke.
II/ EXERCISES
1/ Rewrite the following sentences.
1. I'll only help you if you promise to try harder. ® Unless.........
2. If you don't take care of those shoes, They won't last for long. ® Unless.........
3.She can't go camping because of her age. ® Were she .........
4. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather. ®Had it.........
5. If there 's an emergency, ring this number. ® In case .........
6. He spend too much money on his clothes. ® If I ...........
7. You should take a map with you because you might get lost in the mountains.
® In case...................
8. We won't go on holiday unless we have enough money. ® If we.................
9. You shouldn't eat too much meat ! ® If I...............................
10. It's such a pity your sister can't come as well. ® If only.......................
11. Keeping calm is the secret of passing your driving test. ® As long as...............
12. It would have been a superb weekend if it hadn't been for the weather
® But for.........................
13. What a shame you didn't tell me earlier. ® If only........................
14. What would you do if there was an earthquake. ® Supposing...........................
15. Pay me back the money, or else I'll tell your mother. ® If.........................
16. We should leave now, otherwise we'll be late for the class. ® If we...........
17. He did that way because he didn't listen to our advice. ®If he............
18. The rough sea prevented the ferry from sailing. ® Because of ..............
19. They set off ( khëi hµnh ) early so that they could reach the village before night.
® They set off................
20. As they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them. ® Since..........
21. Because of the rain, we couldn't go out. ® Because...............
22. We drove slowly so that he could follow us. ® We drove.............
23.She left the party quickly. She didn't want to have to say good bye.
® She left the party quickly so as..................
24. We left quietly so that we wouldn't disturb the children. ® So as...........
25.As he feared that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight ®Fearing...........
* ANSWERS:
1. Unless if you promise to try harder , I won't help you.
2. Unless you take care of those shoes, They won't last for long.
3. Were she younger, she could go camping.
4. Had it not been for the weather ,It would have been a superb weekend.
5. In case of emergency, ring this number.
6. If I were him , I wouldn't spend too much money on his clothes.
7. In case you might get lost in the mountains you should take a map with you.
8. If we don't have enough money, we won't go on holiday.
9. If I were you I wouldn't eat too much meat.
10. If only your sister could come as well.
11. As long as you keep calm, you'll pass your driving test.
12. But for the weather, It would have been a superb weekend.
13. If only hadn't told me earlier.
14. Supposing there was an earthquake.
15. If you don't pay me back money, I'll tell your mother.
16. If we don't leave now, we'll be late or the class.
17. If he had listened to our advice , he wouldn't have done that way.
18. Because the rough sea the ferry couldn't sail.
19. They set off early in order to reach the village before night.
20. Since they hadn't met our sister before, I introduced her to them.
21. Because it was raining, we couldn't go out.
22. We drove slowly in order for him to follow.
23. She left the party quickly so as not want to have to say good bye.
24. So as to disturb the children, we left quietly.
25. Fearing that the police would recognize him, he never went out in daylight.
III/ HOMEWORK:
- Learn by heart the grammar.
- Prepare about '' Present participles ''